Exterior concrete is subject to freeze/thaw cycles. Expansion joints are cuts that are made to allow for the expansion and contraction of the concrete placement. The 4 inches of base is responsible for reducing the pressure of frost heaves. Cracking is more of a problem in our area because frost is inevitable. Frost heaves are one of the major causes of surface cracks in all concrete areas. Water will expand when frozen, causing concrete to shift. Sealing the affected areas will help prevent this from happening.
How To Care For Your Concrete
Sealing Concrete
Freeze/Thaw
Cracks/Scaling